Biography. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. And he was well-connected enough to later secure his sons appointment as household page to John Morton, the archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. geralmente . After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. There wasn't any "relationship" as such. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. Investigating An Anemometer. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. by Susan Higginbotham. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. Her early years are obscure. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. This was not, as some say, Cratwell, who had himself been executed three years earlier, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole, "Unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Plantagenet , Countess of Salisbury National Portrait Gallery", "The Execution of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "1541: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (14731541), noblewoman", "Margaret Plantagenet, Lady Pole & Countess of Salisbury (14731541)", "Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessd Margaret Pole, Southbourne", The Tragical History of King Richard the Third, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury&oldid=1140799395, People convicted under a bill of attainder, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Governesses to the English Royal Household, Hereditary peeresses created by Henry VIII, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2023, Articles needing expert attention from June 2022, Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, English Martyrs Church, Preston (she is on the right. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. Columbus, Ohio Area. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. Her husbands career flourished. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. Margaret was one of just two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right (suo jure) without a husband in the House of Lords. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Get the best results here. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. In June 1535, after he had been imprisoned for over a year, Cromwells servant, Richard Rich, now solicitor general, stated that he had spoken with More and More had denied Parliaments power to make Henry head of the church. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Her father was the younger brother of Edward IV and Richard III. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . 28 Little Russell Street In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. Although a jury of twelve men would have . London Review of Books More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. 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